Companies within the Same Group Free Essay Example, 4250 words

Business legal structures are crucial in determining how particular business entities carry out their activities. Companies within the same group tend to carry out their activities in similar ways. Most businesses use a group of companies as the medium through which they carry out their activities. Businesses use this medium because it enables them to comply with legal requirements within specific jurisdictions. For example, a business may open a new business abroad and conduct it through a subsidiary in order to comply with the legal requirements of those particular countries. Additionally, there may be other advantages that arise as a result of conducting business through a group of companies. Tax advantages and reduced risk exposure are the most notable advantages that benefit the parent company in the long- run. Based on Salomon entity concept, English law continues to treat all companies within the same group as separate legal entities, thus implying that these companies are n ot their controlling shareholders agents. It should be noted that companies within the same group are arranged in such a manner that they have separate liabilities for the group s diverse activities. We will write a custom essay sample on Companies within the Same Group or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page Strict use of Salomon approach in the English company law may be inappropriate in the modern business world where the economic connection between companies within the same group is increasing and becoming inextricably linked.

Benny Goodman s King Of Swing - 1363 Words

Britany Reed Dr. Keast Music April 15, 2015 Benny Goodman Benny Goodman the â€Å"King of Swing†. A man who owned the American Jazz and an amazing swing musician, clarinetist, and bandleader. This naming him as the infamous â€Å"King of Swing†. Goodman led the most popular musical groups known in America. Goodman was recognized as putting the most important jazz concert in history out to the public in 1938. Singlehandedly being the most recognized clarinet player for this era and doing it flawlessly. Many called him The Professor, Patriarch of the Clarinet, Swing s Senior Statesman. Who would have ever believed a man coming from a poverty ridden Jewish family could be so successful? Success was an understatement for a man with such musical talent. Benny Goodman, also known as Benjamin David Goodman, was born in Chicago, Illinois on May 30, 1909. He was one of nine children who were immigrants to David Goodman who was his father and Dora Grisinsky Goodman, his mother. His parents left Russia to escape the anti-Semitism, which many of us would recognize as the prejudice of Jewish people. Benny’s family was very poor and his mother never even learned to speak English. His father was the sole provider, and barely made ends meat working as a tailor to support his large family, of 12 children. When Benny was around the age of 10, his father knew he had musical talent and sent him to study at a Synagogue in Chicago called Kehelah Jacob Synagogue. He was fascinatedShow MoreRelated SING SING SING Essay examples1262 Words   |  6 Pagestheir was so much energy and pizzazz in this music. He explained to me that it was all put together by a guy named Benny, and I understood why. Benny Goodman, born Benjamin David in 1909, one of twelve children, grew up in a Chicago ghetto with his family, who fled Russian anti-Semitism. Encouraged by his father, an immigrant tailor, to learn a musical instrument, Goodman took up the clarinet at a young age. From the start, he displayed an exceptional talent. Before he was in his teensRead MoreEssay on Benny Goodman, King of Swing2395 Words   |  10 PagesBenjamin David Goodman was born in Chicago on May 30, 1909, the ninth of twelve children born to David and Dora Goodman, who both emigrated from Russia but met in America. David Goodman eked out a minimal living for his family by working for a tailor in a sweatshop. To help alleviate the family’s poverty, the children were urged to work as soon as they were old enough. For entertainment, David would take his youngest children to Douglas Park on Sundays to hear free band concerts. It was hereRead More The Jazz Age Essay1590 Words   |  7 Pagesthat an African may count 2 on the same beat a European would count 1. It is typical of West African music to have rhythms of different lengths overlapping each other, creating shifting accents, sort of like a mix. Which is to say that by the late 1920s African-American Jazz music had developed a tradition where musicians put a strong rhythmic accent on quot;2quot; and quot;4quot; and melodic accents anywhere BUT on quot;1.quot; The first popular musical trend in the United States produced byRead More Early Jazz Essay1136 Words   |  5 Pagesethnicities, such as French, Spanish, American, and African American, which resulted in a city with a unique blend of individuals. New Orleans became a significant center of culture in the mid to late 1800’s. It is believed that jazz was largely influenced from African slaves who were brought over in the 1800’s, who did not have their native instruments, had to make due with what they could find in their new home of the southern United States. On arrival in America, they were exposed to western musical stylesRead MoreElla Fitzgerald Biography Essay1454 Words   |  6 Pagesvoice was flexible, wide-ranging, accurate and ageless. She could sing sultry ballads, sweet jazz and imitate every instrument in an orchestra. She worked with all the jazz greats, from Duke Ellington, Count Basie and Nat King Cole, to Frank Sinatra, Dizzy Gillespie and Benny Goodman. (Or rather, some might say all the jazz greats had the pleasure of working with Ella.) She performed at top venues all over the world, and packed them to the hilt. Her audiences were as diverse as her vocal range. TheyRead MoreElectro Swing And Its Place Of Music History1833 Words   |  8 PagesELECTRO SWING AND ITS PLACE IN MUSIC HISTORY Pedro Osuna Ardoy Although many people would argue that electro swing is to be heard as EDM and not as jazz, electro swing can actually help us rethink the lines we draw between jazz and dance music because it shares the function of early jazz more than jazz as art music. What is electro swing anyway? A lot of people ask themselves this question, and nobody seems to have a closed answer. The website ‘electro-swing.com’ tries, but ultimately concludesRead MoreEssay about Jazz1400 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Hot Five and the Hot seven, demonstrated that jazz improvisation could go far beyond simply ornamenting the melody. Armstrong was one of the first jazz musicians to refine a rhythmic conception that abandoned the stiffness of ragtime, employed swing light-note patterns, and he used a technique called quot;rhythmic displacement.quot; Rhythmic displacement was sometimes staggering the placement of an entire phrase, as though he were playing behind the beat. He created new melodies based on theRead MoreJazz Essay746 Words   |  3 PagesAmericas favorite music. However, popular music generated from jazz. This fact made jazz more of a life style( partying, having a good time). At that point in time any music that wasnt religious or classical was mostly referred to Jazz ( in the 20s). Jazz musicians were often so talented that pop music producers would depend on Jazz musicians for their creativity to make money for themselves. Therefore, Jazz became the musicians Music. Their honest desire and artistic creativity made them veryRead MoreA Brief History of Piano Greats and Jazz Essay1426 Words   |  6 Pages1994). Ragtime is named after its swing-like feel which is accomplished by accenting the off-beat; this is also commonly referred to as â€Å"ragging the beat† (Berlin 1994). This style was conceived through the mixing of the polyrhythmic styles of African Americans and the structured classical style of White Europeans (Berlin 1994). Scott Joplin was one of the most prominent ragtime pianists of the time period and helped to develop the style, which earned him the title â€Å"King of Ragtime† (Berlin 1998). Joplin’sRead MoreJazz Research Paper2467 Words   |  10 Pagesand Portuguese- and was home to gambling joints, dance halls, and saloons. The New Orleans jazz had developed a newer kind of sound- Dixieland- and brought out a new breed of talented jazz musicians such as Ferdinand Jelly Roll Morton, Joseph King Oliver and Louis Satchmo Armstrong. Jazz critic Max Harrison described Louis as The first true virtuoso soloist of jazz, Armstrong was a dazzling improviser, technically, emotionally, and intellectually. He changed the format of jazz by bringing

Compare and Contrast of Hector and Achilles free essay sample

Compare and contrast the characters of Hector and Achilles. I choose to compare and contrast the characters of Hector and Achilles because I am interested in their story. I think there are many theme in this story, but the central theme is the fate of men; if it is ? xed or changed by the will of men. I feel interesting that the gods decides the fate of people. And I choose this option because I feel that I can understand what the author wants to express to the readers by comparing Hector and Achilles. Therefore, I will compare the strengths and the weakness of both heroes. First of all, I will write about Hector. He was a Trojan prince and the greatest ? ghter for Troy in the Trojan War. He was born as a son of King Priam and Queen Hecuba. His father was the king of Troy. He had a wife called Andromache and the son, Astyanax. We will write a custom essay sample on Compare and Contrast of Hector and Achilles or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the European Middle Ages, Hector was one of the Nine Worthies. And he was a good son, husband and father. Most of all, he loved the peace. He loved his country, his people, his family and wanted to die with honor. When he realized that Jove and his son Apollo are not with him for the protection anymore against Achilles, he says to himself â€Å" My doom has come upon me; let me not them die ingloriously and without a struggle, but let me ? rst do some great thing that shall be told among men hereafter. †. The gods decided not to protect him. That was the reason why Hector lost, but he wanted to ? ght against the strong Achilles. Therefore, I think Hector was the true soldier. I want to write about Achilles now. He was a hero and greatest warrior for Greek in the Trojan War. He was the son of the goddess Thetis and Peleus, the king of the Myrmidons. Achilles was a mortal person even though he was the son of a goddess. And he had the great pride that he was the strongest soldier, and he did not want to be under anybody. When the Agamemnon dishonored him, Achilles asked his goddess mother to go to Jove, then to ask Jove to help Troy, so that Agamemnon would be in trouble. Therefore, Achilles did not think about his country and his people. He only think about himself. So I think Achilles is not the person to be the king. Now I want to compare and contrast their strength and the weakness. First, I want to write about Hector’s strength. He was brave and courageous. He was the man who thought about his family, loved his family and thought his country and people. He wanted to die with honor. He went to Paris because he did not stand to hear bad things about Paris and said, â€Å"you ? ght bravely, and no man with any justice can make light of your doings in battle. But you are careless and willfully remiss. It grieves me to the heart to hear the ill that the Trojans speak about you, for they have suffered much on your account. Let us be going, and we will make things right hereafter, should Jove vouchsafe us to set the cup of our deliverance before ever-living gods of heaven in our own homes, when we have chased the Achaeans from Troy. † From this conversation, you can see that Hector thinks about his brother, thinks about the people of Troy, and is willing to push his brother to ? ght with honor. When he fought with Achilles, Hector escaped to ? ght him ? rst because he was afraid of Achilles. However, when he realized that the gods were not with him to ? ht Achilles, he decided to ? ght with honor until he died. Therefore, I think one of his strength is his brave heart. But Paris did not have the brave heart. Next, I want to write about Achilles’s strength. I think Achilles did not have many strength. I think the physical power from his goddess mother was the only strength he had. Even the king Agamemnon feared his strength. Hector was the greatest soldier in Troy, but even that greatest sol dier run away from Achilles when Hector was standing in front of the gate of Troy. It says â€Å" Fear fell upon Hector as he beheld him, and he dared not stay longer where he was but ? ed in dismay from before the gates, which Achilles darted after him at his utmost speed. †. Then when Hector ? nally decided to ? ght with Achilles, Achilles killed him easily. Therefore, I think Achilles was the strongest worrier on earth. Next, I want to write about Hector’s weakness. I could not ? nd many weakness of Hector, however, the only weakness I could ? nd was that Hector did not know how strong he was. He thought that he could ? ht with Achilles, but when he met Achilles, he run away. He run away because he ? nally realized that he was not as strong as Achilles when he met the enemy at the gate. I think it is too late for him to realized that. Because of this weakness, he died. Therefore, Hector did not have many weakness, but the only weakness he had destroyed him. Next is the weakness of Achilles. I think Achilles had many weakness even though he was the greatest warrior on earth. I think Achilles was strong physically, but he was weak mentally. When Agamemnon took Briseis from Achilles, Achilles went to the sea and prayed to his mother such as, â€Å" Mother, you bore me doomed to live but for a little season; surely Jove, who thunders from Olympus, might have made that little glorious. It is not so. Agamemnon, son of Atreus, has done me dishonor, and has robbed me of my prize by force. †. He cried when he was saying it. This was not like the greatest warrior, but rather a small child’s doing. He liked to ? ght and liked to kill people. He was very good at killing people, but he did not have any respect to his king, his country and his people. When he killed Hector, he did something very dishonorable. Achilles treated the body of Hector with contumely. He pierced the sinews at the back of both his feet from heel to ancle and passed thongs of ox-hide through the slits he had made. He made the body fast to his chariot, letting the head trail upon the ground. Then Achilles lashed his horse on, and the dust rose from Hector as he was being dragged along. Thus was the head of Hector being dishonored in the dust. This is not something what the greatest warrior does. Again Achilles became so emotional that he acted like a child. Therefore, I think that Achilles is not a person to be a great king. If he becomes to be a king, his country and people will be destroyed. I do not want to live in his country. I think he has the extreme character. He was a supermen physically, but he was a little kid mentally. As the conclusion of the comparison between Hector and Achilles, Hector is more heroic than Achilles. I think that the hero is a person who think of his country and his people. After comparing the characters of Hector and Achilles, the person who thinks of his country and his people is Hector. Hector always thinks about his country, his people and his family. He loves his father, his mother, his brothers, his wife and his child. When Hector died, Paris’s wife, Helen, cried and said, â€Å" I have never heard one word of insult or unkindness from you. †. Helen was the person who was the cause of this war. I think it is dif? cult to be kind to Helen, but Hector was nice to her. That means Hector’s heart was so deep. And I think Hector will be the greatest king. I love to live in his country.

The Definitive Ode to the Triumph of MAC over Windows PC

Introduction The world is no longer possible without computers and the Internet. Actually, it is computer skills and access to computer use and the Internet that predetermine everyone’s personal and professional success. The world of computer technologies is divided into two major camps – those, who use Apple Macintosh and those, who strongly believe in the power of a Windows PC.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Definitive Ode to the Triumph of MAC over Windows PC specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This Macintosh-Windows fight resembles the eternal conflict between two different religions. It is difficult to imagine that this fight between the two companies, two systems, and two philosophies will cease anytime soon. However, it is clear that Apple Macintosh has a strong advantage over a Windows PC. The value, which Apple brings into the lives of its users, is difficult to underestimate. Un like a Windows PC, any Apple computer is an excellent, almost ideal product, which exemplifies a deep connection to design, consistency and absolute security against all possible software threats, and an object of a perfect marketing strategy, which makes it positively distinct from its major competitor. Topic Overview The history of computer science can be traced back to the middle of the 1940s. That was the time when the first electronic computers were created (Denning 15). 60 years later, at the beginning of the new millennium, computers would have come to become a centerpiece of the scientific, social, cultural, economic, and human development. Today, computation structure and computation design have become the major principles of successful computing (Denning 15). In other words, only those, who can successfully align the principles of design with the principles of structure, have a good chance to conquer the hearts and minds of their users. Modern computer geniuses pursue the principles of design to ensure that their technologies are based on functional structures and serve the needs of users. These design principles are used to achieve the following computing objectives. First, it is simplicity that makes computer applications and software technologies popular and profitable (Denning 17). Second, quality design is impossible without advanced performance, which also includes output prediction and capacity planning (Denning 17). Third, reliability and integrity are fundamental to the success of any computing technology (Denning 17). Fourth, the best computer technologies should be evolvable and adaptable to the changes in the technological environment (Denning 17).Advertising Looking for research paper on computer science? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In other words, computer users should not be worried about the future scalability and upgrade problems in their applications. Fifth, computer techn ologies must be secure (Denning 17). Today, when the diversity of computer technologies continues to increase, the importance of design becomes even more crucial. Denning is right in that, in the field of computer technologies, design sits above mechanics (18). All these principles have found their reflection in Apple technologies. Apple Macintosh overplays Windows in all possible aspects, including technological features, interface and design, and marketing priorities. The Ode to Mac: Why Macintosh is Better than Windows Marketing Apple. The fact that Apple Macintosh exceeds the effectiveness and user benefits of a Windows PC cannot be denied. Apple excels in its marketing strategies. The ubiquity of Apple computers, especially Macintosh products, best proves this point. Since the beginning of its history, Apple has exercised unusual and outstanding approaches to Macintosh advertising. In 1984, one of the first Macintosh ads was developed to popularize a new computer, which could b e used by non-experts (Stein 169). The advertisement was designed in futuristic terms to mark the beginning of a new computer era (Stein 172). Apple wanted to turn its Macintosh computer into a revolution in the field of computing, and the company successfully coped with that mission. The advertisement was designed to reflect the spirit of freedom, development, and growth in 1984 America. That was the beginning of Apple’s lifelong marketing success. Today, Apple Macintosh enjoys a stronger market position over that of a any Windows PC. At the heart of Mac’s market success is a store-centered model that spreads the message of Mac’s advantages over Windows PCs. In other words, Apple opens specialized stores, which create an atmosphere of creativity and interactivity. In these stores, every potential customer can taste the benefits of being a Mac user. One-seventh of Apple’s revenues for Macintosh come from its stores (Snell 9). â€Å"Apple’s stores are a great long-term strategy for attracting users† (Snell 9). Customers are looking for a â€Å"personal touch†, when they are choosing new technologies, and Apple provides them with such an opportunity.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Definitive Ode to the Triumph of MAC over Windows PC specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The small and large Apple stores throughout the American and international malls persuade the potential customer that Apple Macintosh is the best operating system. Once inside the Apple store, the customer is exposed to a diversity of Mac products (Snell 9). Those, who come to see Apple Macintosh products for the first time, suddenly realize that being a Mac user is not that scary, even in a Windows-centric world (Snell 9). Apple store employee will be happy to configure the newly bought computer and its peripherals for free (Snell 9). Even if Mac products bear certain similarities with Windows PCs, Apple stores are different from Microsoft in the unparalleled quality and continuity of its service. Apple stores are always crowded (Snell 9). As a result, anyone going inside the store immediately feels a member of the growing Macintosh community. Getting a Mac computer becomes an essential prerequisite for being a member of the Macintosh community in the long run (Snell 9). All these marketing models justify and reinforce the technical and design benefits offered by Apple MAC. Hardware and design. From a technical standpoint, Apple computers have a deep connection to design. As mentioned earlier, in the modern world of computing, design sits above mechanics (Denning 17). Macintosh designers have been extremely thorough in their industrial and aesthetic design decisions. Everything in Apple Macintosh has been thoroughly considered, from button placement to connections and peripherals. This is why Apple Macintosh is always one step ahead of a Windows PC. Gartenberg writes that Mac is an amazing machine, with remarkable attention paid to detail (24). Taking the MacBook as an example, it is almost perfect in everything, â€Å"from the MagSafe connector, which makes it virtually impossible for anyone to trip over your power cord, to the integrated iSight camera, which makes videoconferencing simple† (Gartenberg 24). Apple Macintosh is well-known for its universal design, which is equally useful in business and personal affairs.Advertising Looking for research paper on computer science? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is interesting and stylish (Allen 46). Certainly, customers are not looking for style; they want quality and reliability. However, it is in Apple Macintosh that quality, reliability, and stylish design come together to shape a new computing reality. Unlike a Windows PC, Apple’s Mac is a unique example of the unity of design and structure. This unity comes mainly through Apple’s decision to build its own hardware (Allen 46). Apple does not work with third parties and does not license its OS to other manufacturers (Allen 46). This is also what makes Apple positively different from Microsoft. Because Apple develops and builds its MAC devices on its own, these devices function in essentially the same way (Allen 47). Customers look for simplicity, and they do not want to face any difficulties, when the system is upgraded. Apple helps its users avoid these problems, which works greatly in its favor. In addition, Apple’s hardware is well-known for its lower rates of failure and higher resale value than that of a Windows PC (Allen 46). As a result, even if customers must pay more for Apple hardware at the beginning, the overall operating costs will be much lower than with a Windows PC (Allen 46). Software considerations. In terms of software, Mac really excels in its desktop environment. The interface is easy in use. Cost considerations justify the choice of Apple Macintosh over a Windows PC. All Apple Macs come with its own operating system, which is installed on all computer devices. Those, who have experience working with Apple OS X, confirm that it is less likely than Windows to fail and much easier to reset and have it back running, even if it fails (Allen 46). Moreover, Apple presents its software only in one version at a time, which also makes it easier for customers to avoid inconsistency and misunderstanding. The latest OS X version costs $19.99 against $119.99-219.99 for Windows 7 (Allen 47). Moreover, the operating system can be succ essfully installed and used on all computers and laptops that are tied to one account, unlike Microsoft that requires buying one software package for each computer unit. OS X displays a number of strong points, which make it a preferable option over Windows. It is much easier to install and run (Allen 47). The number of built-in applications coming with OS X is truly amazing. All OS X systems have a wonderful backup structure, the so-called â€Å"Time Machine†, which enables users to retrieve information and restore computers after major failures (Allen 47). This system is the simplest and most comprehensive of all currently existing backup structures, and Apple does not charge anything for having it built into OS X. Moreover, OS X makes Apple Macs extremely network-friendly, due to the network functionality elements that are included in all systems (Allen 48). Apple Macintosh software displays a better level of security compared with a Windows PC. These security differences between Macintosh and Windows have been widely documented. Alcohido and Swartz calculated that Apple Macs connected to the Internet were hijacked more than Windows PCs but, unlike Windows, Macintosh’s security barriers were never compromised. Lloyd et al. also write that, historically, Apple Macintosh users have had fewer problems with viruses and security breaches, unlike Windows PC users, who are extremely vulnerable to various types of attacks (75). While Windows users are bound to install new patches to close the existing security holes, Macintosh users spend their time enjoying the benefits of their system (Mossberg). No one says that Macintosh is impenetrable to viruses but, since the creation of OS X, it has not met a single virus, and this fact speaks for itself (Mossberg). Windows: Still Better, Still Worse? Apple Macintosh is not perfect, and the supporters of Windows PCs devise numerous arguments to prove that Windows is still better than Macintosh. The first argum ent is convenience: in a Windows-centric world, thousands of people have got used to work with Windows and do not want to switch to a different operating system (Allen 50). The second argument is that Windows, especially its 8th version, is much more comprehensible, functional, and versatile than its Macintosh rival, especially in terms of the snap screen, file system semblance, and application’s unique settings (Phillips 9). Third, proponents of the Windows philosophy argue that the best Apple Macintosh has is a cult, which has nothing to do with its operational benefits and features (Belk Tumbat 205). Simply stated, Macintosh has turned its users into addicts, and its philosophy is very close to quasi-religious beliefs (Belk Tumbat 205). These arguments are too weak to beat the advantageous position of Apple Macintosh. Apart from the fact that Apple Macintosh is much more convenient than Windows, it does not cause any problems to users. Users can easily switch from Window s to Macintosh, and they will finally realize the benefits of being a computer user. The second argument in favor of Windows 8 and its versatility raises many questions, both in terms of its actual usability and its future. Phillips confesses that â€Å"navigating Windows 8 touch interface involves a steep learning curve. The new touch gestures are not intuitive.† (9) These problems readily offset all potential and real benefits of Windows 8 against the latest version of Apple Macintosh. Coupled with the high cost of Windows software and its numerous security problems, it is difficult to imagine that users would want to spend their precious time learning how to work with it. In light of the crucial security, design, and cost benefits of Apple Macintosh, the argument that its popularity is no more than a well-promoted religious cult sounds very weak. The religious adherence to Apple MACs grows from its outstanding ability to withstand viruses, its excellent usability, lower ra tes of failure compared to Windows, and a responsive customer service (Allen 50). Eventually, those who choose Windows over Mac will end up sitting tight, using all possible patches, and hoping that the new virus will not interfere with the system (Mossberg). The life of a Windows user is full of fears and anxieties, but it can become much easier and fulfilling with Apple Macintosh. Conclusion The Ode to Apple Macintosh is based on facts. Unlike Windows, Apple Macintosh is an almost ideal product, which is known for its deep connection to design, consistency and absolute security against all possible software threats. Besides, Apple’s marketing strategy is much more effective than that of Microsoft, at least because it brings the existing and potential customers closer to its products. Apple Macs are well-known as products that bring together unprecedented security, smooth operation, and reasonable cost. Apple’s products represent a remarkable unity of structure and de sign, which make users’ experiences much more pleasant. Unlike Windows users, owners of Apple Macs do not have to waste their time looking for new patches and closing Windows’ security gaps. Those, who choose Apple Macs, will never know the fear of security and hardware failures, which is facing Windows PC users. Works Cited Alcohido, Byron Jon Swartz. â€Å"Unprotected PCs can be hijacked in minutes.† USA  Today, November (2004): 1-3. Academic Source Premier. Web. Allen, Jeffrey. â€Å"To Switch or Not to Switch? That Is the Question!† American Journal  of Family Law, in press (2013): 45-51. Academic Source Premier. Web. Belk, Russell W. Gulnur Tumbat. â€Å"The Cult of Macintosh.† Consumption, Markets  and Culture, 8.3 (2005): 205-17. Academic Source Premier. Web. Denning, Peter J. â€Å"Great Principles of Computing.† Communications of the ACM,  46.11 (2003): 15-20. Academic Source Premier. Web. Gartenberg, Michael. â€Å"Lesso ns from a Mac OS Switcher.† Computerworld, July (2007): 24. Academic Source Premier. Web. Lloyd, Mark, Jon Simmons, Helen McEvoy, Peter Butler Simon Whitney. â€Å"How to Vaccinate Your PC against Cyber Bugs.† BMJ Careers, August (2004): 73-75. Academic Source Premier. Web. Mossberg, Walter S. â€Å"If You’re Getting Tired of Fighting Viruses, Consider a New Mac.† The Wall Street Journal, 23 Oct 2003. Web. Phillips, Jon. â€Å"5 Ways Windows 8 Beats iOS.† PC World, December (2012): 9. Print. Snell, Jason. â€Å"Geniuses behind Bars.† Macworld, 21.5 (2004): 9. Academic Source  Premier. Web. Stein, Sara H. â€Å"The ‘1984’ Macintosh Ad: Cinematic Icons and Constitutive Rhetoric in the Launch of a New Machine.† Quarterly Journal of Speech, 88.2 (2002): 169-192. Academic Source Premier. Web. This research paper on The Definitive Ode to the Triumph of MAC over Windows PC was written and submitted by user Lilyana Pierce to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Oliver Twist Funeral essays

Oliver Twist Funeral essays In the book, Oliver Twist, Oliver, an orphan apprentice to Mr. Sowerberry, an undertaker, attends a funeral with Mr. Sowerberry to gain experience in the funeral trade. There are many things to learn about the customs and procedure of funerals of that time. On the day of burial, the undertaker and bearers of the coffin arrive at the clients house to retrieve the deceased person. They put the corpse in the coffin and transports it to the cemetery where they will meet the clergymen. The participants of the funeral followed the bearers and the undertaker to the grave where the coffin is to be buried. When they reach the grave, the clerk would put on his surplice and do the burial service where he reads off a paper and leave. After the service, the gravedigger buries the coffin in a grave with other coffins in the same plot of land. The people involved were not treated well because right after the burial was finished, they were ushered out of the cemetery quickly. This happened to the husband of the deceased wife. He fainted while they were burying his wife and was splashed with cold watered and carried outside the cemetery to walk back to his house. The old woman who was the deceased womans mother cared more about the cloak she was given by the undertaker and about keeping it than about the burial of her daughter. The cause of this womans death was of starvation and a fever. Her husband was begging for food on the streets and was arrested. When he came back to his abode and saw his wife, she was starved and feverish. The irony of her death is that the woman was given medicine in a blackening bottle to help her, but the husband said that she cant take the medicine and gave it back. Some people back then didnt care much about the loss of life and some did. A funeral comes with many procedures and traditions which some are still used in todays funerals. ...

Uses for Bleach and Vinegar

Uses for Bleach and Vinegar Mixing vinegar and bleach strengthens the cleaning and disinfecting properties of the chemicals, yet it also produces toxic vapors. Do you mix vinegar and bleach for specific purposes? If so, what is your use of the mixture? These are answers and experiences submitted by readers. NEVER AGAIN !!!! I was dumping out dirty water from the mop bucket into my shower drain didnt think anything of it . I was quick to pour water and bleach in the bucket and completely forgot vinegar was leftover and voila, a coughing fit burning eyes. Mind you I live in an old house, so there isnt much ventilation but I have all the doors and windows open to no avail. Its effects are horrible   cant get the smell out of my nose and the light headedness. - annon The devil is in the dilution At alkaline pH values of about 8.5 or higher, more than 90% of the bleach is in the form of the chlorite ion (OCl-), which is relatively ineffective antimicrobially. At acidic pH values of about 6.8 or lower, more than 80% of the bleach is in the form of hypochlorite (HOCl). HOCl is about 80 to 200 times more antimicrobial than OCl-. - googleit Vinegar Bleach Cleaner Mix one-gallon water with 2 oz. bleach and 2 oz. vinegar in a spray bottle; the most effective disinfectant cleaner for counters, floors, sinks, etc. and helps prevent fruit flies. - Keyna Welenc Bleach IS an acid! DANGER! Chlorine bleach contains sodium hypochlorite or NaOCl. Because bleach is Sodium hypochlorite in water, the sodium hypochlorite in bleach actually exists as hypochlorous acid: I worked calibrating chlorine detectors. And if you mix Bleach with vinegar it produces chlorine gas! It is deadly and should NOT be done under any circumstance! A danger to life article here cdc.gov/niosh/idlh/intridl4.html also see: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/832336-overview - DayoIII Bleach is not an acid. Bleach is not an acid, it is a strong base. adding vinegar WILL lower the pH, but since bleach has a HIGH pH, adding vinegar will only neutralize it. Another use for mixing vinegar with bleach is to create a strong oxidizing chemical, used to turn (for example) steel wool into iron oxide (Fe2O3), used for color pigments, or chemistry experiments. - Professor good to know! these are good things to know! especially being someone who is just starting to live on my own and not living in the nicest places that are available. Getting rid of the mold and smells are important, but not that important. My go-to chemical is straight up comet bleach. It worked for my grandmother and my mother and it works for me! Less risk of dangerous fumes than mixing or the liquid since it is powder form. - CHEM II Student Good God! - It Wasnt a Miracle Cleaner I believe the miracle is that I am still alive and breathing! because about 4 hours ago I mixed up a large amount 1/1 mix of bleach /vinegar the only time in my life desperately seeking an inexpensive solution to molds/parasites in a large outdoor aviary/cage which also houses a small shop that I spend a great deal of time with my cat in. He just came in from the area the l was sizzling. Will he be OK? I did it to protect him from potentially harmful spores/ect.. but what have I done! Im so worried about him the tiny little fellow! and what happens when it rains tonight does it start reacting again. Or should I rinse well w/garden hose or should I avoid re-wetting it, I even bent down closer to the ground watching it react ! and observed for at least 1/2 hr? yeeeeeps! stupid girl!. I cant tell if my throat /chest hurts or not I think maybe yes or my worried imagination? - Judy still suffering I was cleaning a rather old shower, still had the stainless steel base. I spray sellys 3 min mold cleaner on the shower walls and polaris stainless steel cleaner on the base. I left it to work for 3 mins then went in and scrubbed the base, as i did this my eyes started burning and coughing.I didnt know that the two cleaners where reacting, just thinking the bleach was rather strong. it wasnt until i got home 3 - 4 hrs later my husband said Id inhaled chloric gases given off from the two products. I rang the poison center and was told to flush the eyes for 15 mins and go to the local hospital. I flushed my eyes but didnt go to the hospital. 2 weeks later Im still suffering from acute sinus and headaches. Do not underestimate the dangers of bleach. - Kiwi I almost died Today I was cleaning my kitchen floor with vinegar and liquid dishwashing detergent. I scrubbed the floor and still could not get all the stains out. Thought Id use a little bit of bleach. Boy! It was like the vinegar potentiated the odor of the bleach (now I know the chlorine gas was released). I was coughing, entire airway irritated. Felt close to losing consciousness and struggled to get kitchen windows open. I did, but I was just to overcome. Left the kitchen and went upstairs. Opened up 3 more windows and just could not get myself straight. Its been about 4 hours since the incident. My airway is still irritated and Wheezing is audible, and I consider myself stupid but alive. I have always respected bleach but just didnt appreciate that household vinegar could react with it with such dire consequences. - Brenda Outdoor Nastiness I use it to clear up mold and mildew on the patio. The fumes arent a problem outside and it does a number on discolored yuckiness outdoors. - CleanGirl

Pragmatism Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Pragmatism Project - Essay Example The problem with this is trying to find the perfect car to restore at a reasonable cost and distance, although the drive to pick up the new car will be exhilarating in and of itself. Simply knowing what I am in store for makes my heart beat faster. Ultimately, the goal here is to find and restore said car to its original factory condition. Given that, I do not want to start with nothing more than an empty frame, I will need to find the car I want intact, but in need of work. This will give me the opportunity to restore a classic to its original beauty and luster, by my own two hands. The car I have chosen is a 1961 Lincoln Continental with suicide doors. As James said, pragmatism has â€Å"†¦only an attitude of orientation†¦Ã¢â‚¬  which is why I chose this car. The act of restoring a vehicle, namely this one, is reminiscent of a time when life moved more slowly, although I was not around, I have always enjoyed the family stories. As a kid growing up, it was always fun and exciting to watch the gangster movies with their long, low cars that gave the appearance of danger. In a way, I will be able to relive moments in time of which I was not a part. Also, something of great importance in American history is that President John F. Kennedy was riding in a 1961 Lincoln Continental convertible limousine when he was shot and killed. Stark history, but it takes me home. The problems that I face in this project are simple, as finding an American car here will likely be more difficult than if I were stateside. Regardless of this, the restoration of a Lincoln is an exciting dream of mine that I will someday be able to fulfill. I have looked into it with vigor and found what I will need to do in order to complete this project with accuracy and pride, which will â€Å"†¦denote the unity of all ideal ends arousing us to desire and actions†, (Dewey, 42) Once the Lincoln I want has been found, I need to be sure that it is worth the asking price, as well as fit with my ideas and budget for the restoration. I must also consider if the condition of the car that I am buying will lend itself to the original restoration I am wanting to do, or if it is so badly beat up, or parts are too sparse, I may want to look elsewhere for another vehicle. This is the best part of the beginning, because the excitement of finding this car is infectious. I can already see myself cruising in it, windows rolled down, arm hanging out the window, very ‘hip’. Once I have the Lincoln at home, the fun would begin. Here I would strongly utilize pragmatism because there are not absolutes in care restoration. There is no state of rest, and practicality is what will allow me to succeed in this quest. I will need to have a space that is at least three times larger than the car itself, as all the parts will easily take up this extra room. The first thing that must be done with a project car is that it must be totally stripped down to the metal, piece by piece; it needs to be raw. This piece-by-piece deconstruction will give me the knowledge of what is still in good working order on the car, what is not, and what I need to find that is not there. It will also tell me a unique story, dreaming that perhaps this car once belonged to a famous gangster, but without the bodies in the trunk. This is important so that reassembly of the car will go easily and smoothly, but also to get to know my car. Each little piece tells a story of its own, its past,

Strategic Analysis of the Body Shop International Research Paper

Strategic Analysis of the Body Shop International - Research Paper Example Based on the strategic internal analysis of the resources, capabilities, strengths, and weaknesses of the company and the analysis of the industry and global environments, it is reported that despite the highly competitive nature of the industry the company's performance can be stated to be more than satisfactory. Strategically the company would do well with the continuance of its own store design format and with the reduction of the dependence on the franchising mode of expansion. 1.0 Introduction While 'business strategy' represent the goal of the company to attain sustainable competitive advantage in one of the businesses of the company, 'corporate strategy' represents the objective of the company to manage multi-business activities to create corporate-wide advantage that will benefit each of the business the company owns and operates. The corporate strategy looks into the opportunities available to the company both internally and externally to enhance its competitive strengths and sustain its sales growth and profitability. A strategic analysis of any company thus includes assessing the strengths and weaknesses of the company on the basis of the internal environment as well as threats and opportunities that the company is subjected to because of its relative positioning in the market and the industry. This report on the Body Shop International Plc reports on the efforts of the company to enhance and to sustain its competitive advantages. 1.1 Global Cosmetic Industry - A Background The cosmetics and Toiletries Industry has registered an all round growth of 5 percent during the year 2006 as against the growth in the year 2005. This growth is the overall highest growth rate of... The cosmetics and Toiletries Industry has registered an all round growth of 5 percent during the year 2006 as against the growth in the year 2005. This growth is the overall highest growth rate of the industry since the year 2001. The growth of the industry is facilitated by the presence of strong macro economic factors signifying a worldwide increase in the consumer spending power. With the highest growth rate of 13 percent, Eastern Europe, and Latin America were the fastest growing regional markets. Western Europe accounts for less than 30 percent of the total market with a sales growth of just 3 percent in the year 2006. The sales in the North American region which include the United States Market were above $ 50 billion. The Asia Pacific region also has the characters of a key market with the potential linked to factors like large population, enhanced disposable income, modernized retail and distribution networks and increased consumer awareness – thanks to globalization. On the regional levels, Russia represented the largest market with a sale of $ 8.5 billion accounting for about 40 percent of the regional sales value. In the analysis of products, skin care products with the sales value of $ 60.1 billion in the year 2006 are the largest segment of all cosmetic and toiletries items which also is the fastest growing product of the industry. The market generally uses the distribution channels like supermarkets/hypermarkets, specialist stores, pharmacies and departmental stores.

The Recruitment And Retention Process And Documentation In A Selected Organisation Essay Example for Free

The Recruitment And Retention Process And Documentation In A Selected Organisation Essay Recruitment Process The recruitment process of any business is when they try to get new people into their work place. This could be done in many ways such as online advertisements, newspaper adverts, radio broadcasts or shop window displays. The recruitment process can be very long or very short depending on the job in hand and taking the wrong person on without looking closely enough can be costly. Businesses invest a lot of money into new employees, also known as training, if they leave after a month then this is a bad investment and the business is at a loss. The Cooperative’s recruitment process The General Recruitment Process The Cooperative’s Recruitment Process Job Analysis is carried out The Cooperative manager looks at his department in hand and analyses all areas for where a job would maybe be appropriate. This could be in the shop front, tills, or behind the scenes with customer services and stock flow. Job description is prepared The job selected by the Cooperative manager is looked into in detail and a description is typed up online and printed out so that they know what exactly is needed for the job. A person specification is prepared The Cooperative manager then looks into detail about what the person who would be doing the job needs to have and types up a specification. These tell the public what would be needed for the role and give them an idea if they are suitable or not. Plans are made for advertising the job The department manager or marketing department would start to plan on how to advertise the job. The Cooperative normally does their job applications online but also have a print out of the application form to hand in in-store. Sometimes they may place them in the local newspaper if their store is located clearly in a local town. Advertisements are placed The Cooperative manager or marketing department will place the adverts out to the areas that they have decided to place them in and await for a response. Applicants are short listed Once the applicants have started applying for the job then the Cooperative human resources department comes into action by reading the CV’s and narrowing the choice down until they have a select few applicants. References are requested The Cooperative human resources will contact the short listed people and request two references to see how if they are reliable or not. Candidates are invited for interviews and selection tests The human resources team gets all the people from the short list with good referrals in for an interview. In the Cooperative’s process they take tests at the same time to give a guide on the job seeker’s personality, intelligence and attitude. Data obtained from interviews is compared to person specification All of the information obtained from questioning in the cooperative interview is taken down and compared to the actual specification of the person to see if they are being truthful. Anyone that doesn’t necessarily match will be dropped from the short list without question for lying on their CV. Successful candidate is offered the job. After a long process of narrowing down all the application forms the human resources team from the Cooperative get in contact with the successful candidate and tell them that they have got the job. They also tell them the dates in which they are starting and refer them to the FAQ page of the website. All new workers get a mentor they can contact for guidance if they are finding anything hard in their new job at the Cooperative. The Cooperative’s retention process The Cooperative takes time to get all of the right applicants for the job and they came up with effective ways to keep them in the same job. 1. Discounts Discounts on all the products of the Cooperative, up to 20% off on stock and big reductions on reduced product lines. 1. Bonuses Bonuses are shared out between the workers of the Cooperative, more profit for the business means bigger bonuses for the workers. 1. Holidays Longer holidays are offered for people who have been working for a long time. The longer the employees work at the Cooperative the longer their holiday breaks can be. 1. Promotions Promotions of job roles can be offered to those who have excelled in their department and this means a higher pay and more control over a certain department of the Cooperative. Unit 4 Effective people, communication and information P1

Tis: A Memoir Frank McCourt Essay -- English Literature

Tis': A Memoir Frank McCourt Tis' by the Irish born author, Frank McCourt retells his life as a young immigrant making his way in New York City. He wants to succeed in the land of opportunities however, he is dashed by the reality that an Irishman who has rotten teeth, bad eyes, and no high school diploma has no real chance. He finds himself in the lowest of jobs, scrubbing the lobby of a swanky hotel. I am going to discuss the mental effect poverty has on McCourt in Tis. The American way of life make Frank feel like an outsider. In Ireland, everyone was an equal and they all struggled together. However, across the water, there are girls with tanned legs and boys with broad football shoulders and pearly white teeth. Frank did not even dare open his mouth for fear of being laughed at for his appalling dental hygiene. Tis is more about the emotional side of poverty Frank is still poor - he describes cheese sandwiches as a delicacy - but he is no longer at risk of dying from starvation. He generally finds places to sleep and food to eat He wants the comfort a...

New Play Plan Essay

1. Is the company at the point where it should be setting up a formal salary structure based on a complete job evaluation? Why? Yes, by setting up a formal salary structure is being fair to the employees because the salary being paid based on the job task rather than pay the salary based on gender. When the salary structure being fair, it leads satisfaction among the employees and as a result the turnover will be at low rate. Besides, the company also can control their financial operation by doing budget allocation planning for their business operation. Moreover, the formal salary structure will make the employees clear on the amount pay for his or her job position. Thus, it can make easier to the related manager to do a process of salary payment. 2. Is Jack Carter’s policy of paying 10% more than the prevailing rates a sound one, and how could that be determined? First of all, First of all, according to this case, carter does not make any formal surveys, it is a correct action for Carter. Carter should pay more attention to the requirements of employees for building a formal pay policy. Secondly, Carter Company should pay different salaries for different job department rather than gender. Thirdly, it can determine a job’s relative worth by job evaluation. However, Jake has no enough evidence for building a pay policy. In our opinion, Carter may choose a job evaluation commitment to ensure right pay policies. As far as we concerned, Jake Carter’s policy of paying 10% more than the prevailing rates is sensible. There are five steps for making a rational pay plan. Primarily, employer conducts informal salary survey and formal survey. Then employers use salary survey to know what others are paying. Secondly, Carter chooses job evaluation methods to determine the worth of one job. Thirdly, the company pays the similar salary for similar jobs. Fourthly, Carter can use a wage curve to help assign pay rates to each job. Then it is easy to price jobs with a wage curve. Lastly, we know Carter does not develop pay ranges. Therefore, it is important for developing pay ranges to motivate high performance employees. At the same time, Carter needs to  correct out-of line rates. In this case, we disagree that men and women have different salary, it is unfair. Thus, Carter must ensure that men and women are paid comparably for essentially the same work. Jack Carter’s policy of paying 10% more than the prevailing rates a sound one because he believes that within the higher payment he could reduce the turnover among the employee and also at the same time can fostering the employee loyalty to organization. It could be determined by providing facts that Jack pays the 10% more to the worker. Besides, it’s very much better, if the payment done to the workers that are showing the loyalty to the organization. 3. Similarly, is Carter’s male-female differential wise? If not, why not? Our opinion, the answer is no, Carter’s shop does not have male-female differential wise. And they are also equal to their employees. Because Carter Cleaning Centers do not make a formal and legal wage structure to their employees, and at the same time Carte Cleaning Centers also does not use a good compensable factors to their employees, it will cause some bad effects to their employees and it also bring about different treatment. Wages rates are based mostly on those prevailing in the surrounding community. According to the Equal Pay Act of 1963, it requires that men and women who do the same job in the same organization should receive the same pay. The term `same pay` refer to no difference is acceptable. In addition the law, also defines that one consider as doing the same level of job if they are equal in term of skills, effort, responsibility and working condition. However, the Equal Pay Act of 1963 includes four exceptions that allow employers to pay another gender more than another. Some of those exceptions are like more seniority, better job performance, greater quantity or quality of production and lastly certain other factors like paying extra to employees that working the night shift. Back to this case study, there is no such exceptions includes in the reason provided by the Jack as to justify why he decided to pay 20% more than woman to men workers. The reason provided by him is they are stronger and can work hard for longer hours and also they all have family to support. This justification is the one that can’t be acceptable at all if refer to the law  and it also show discrimination towards the female worker. This is because, according to Equal Pay Act 1963, rather than the four exceptions as mention above, female and male workers should receive the same amount of payment if they hold the same job that are substantially equal. In addition, this unwise decision of Jack Carter’s policy will result in many negative effects such as increase in turnover among female worker, job dissatisfaction. Besides, there will be also more arguments in order to get an equal pay rate and lastly it will lead to an unproductively result to the organization. Question 4: Specifically, what would you suggest Jennifer do now with respect to her company’s pay plan? For the development of the company, there are several suggestions from us to Jennifer do now with respect to her company’s pay plan. More details about the suggestion will be discussed in the following paragraph. First, in the question 1, we had mentioned this point, setting up a formal salary structure. Based on this point, for the employees, they will feel more fair and unambiguous about how much they can get and it also makes the managing easier and more clearly for managers, there are strict certain structure to avoid the unfair things happen. Second, make a necessary formal survey in order to determining the amount that company should pay at what type of job responsibilities in order to avoid the mistake such as imbalances of salary payment. No matter what careful we are, we also would make some errors, so recheck the results are very necessary and important. In the case, the company conducts informal surveys among friends and cleaners trade associates. By doing this, it would reduce the cost and it is good for getting vast and direct information. But the independent information source could give great risks to the company in the future. Therefore a formal survey to the employees is more effective rather than informal survey in order to get feedbacks from employees regarding the pay system. Third, about the policy of paying 10% more than the prevailing rates, as a company, profit is the first thing. Although, this policy can foster employee loyalty, but to the long-term, the employees will accustom this situation and cannot motivated them to do better. Changing the policy like rewarding the outstanding employees with this policy, not all, this not only can reduce the cost, but also can motivate employees to get the higher prevailing rates. Fourth, abolish the policy of paying men about 20% more than women for the same job. Although her father’s explained that men are stronger and can work harder for longer hours, and besides they all have families to support, this policy considered bias to the men employees and of course it can course dissatisfaction to the women employees and they will feel unfairly treated. In pay system, it is better to have an official approved procedure on determining the right employees who’s qualify to be rewarded on the bonuses or salary increment and it should be based on the employees work performance. Don’t do like that, regarding somebody who work hard and better is effective method.

American Government: The Bill of Rights

The Bill of Rights is the first ten of the amendments in the United States Constitution which was ratified in 1789. The Bill of Rights was drafted to limit the powers of the federal government and to enhance protection for all of the individual citizens.Amongst the rights that the Bill of Rights promotes are the following: (1) right to speech; (2) freedom of the press and religion; (3) right to keep and bear arms; (4) freedom of assembly; (5) freedom to petition; (6) protection from unreasonable search and seizure; (7) protection against cruel punishment; (8) freedom from self incrimination; (9) right to speedy and impartial trial; (10) and representation by counsel (â€Å"United States Constitution†).The Bill of Rights is an essential and fundamental part of the United States Constitution, as it mirrors the struggle of the citizens to fight for their freedom and rights. The ratification of the Bill of Rights came from the government's purpose of protecting the individual righ ts. Democracy and liberty were amongst the top priorities in drafting the bill. These two have become the main aspects of the framework for shaping the way policies and laws were formulated (â€Å"The Bill of Rights† and â€Å"The New Nation†).However, there were still flaws and issues that the bill was not able to cater to. Although the intention of the bill was to provide protection for individuals, there were issues relative to it that weren't tackled in the bill. For example, slave trade wasn't given priority in the bill of rights which made the issue even worse during the Civil War (â€Å"The New Nation†). But nonetheless, the Bill of Rights still stands as the heart and soul of the American Consitituion as it reflects all the struggles towards freedom by the American community.Works Cited The Bill of Rights: A Brief History. 4 March 2002. American Civil Liberties Union. 20 February 2008 The New Nation (1790-1828). (n. d. ) America's Library. 20 February 2 008 United States Constitution. (n. d. ) Cornell University Law School. 20 February 2008

Personal Computers essays

Personal Computers essays In the last 1,000 years what has been the most revolutionary development? The answer would be the personal computer! Never has such a development been so promising, yet devastating at the same time. This miraculous invention comes two sided, the heads side being that we are now a very fast paced, and technologically advanced country, the tails side being that we now have in our midst a whole different accessibility to pornography, a decrease in physical activity of Americans, and a severe increase in opportunity for fraud and hacking. Before the personal computer was released to the public, only the mainframes existed. These mainframes took as much space as a Costco warehouse would take today! They were made up of PVC pipes and huge air-conditioning units for cooling the pipes off. Mainframes were primarily used for businesses or scientific studies. Personal computers brought a whole new light to the computer industry. Following the invention of the personal computer, a network was created by the military called the Internet. The Internet was made for the purpose that if an enemy were to strike us, we would have a network that was indestructible, consisting of independent servers all around the world. The military decided to extend this network to anyone who had a personal computer, thus creating a mass evolutionary transformation in the way everyone would communicate in the future. Along with this very good event came some sick people with the idea of pornography in mind. These people capitalized on the open market and it is now the most profitable profession on the Internet. In this past year there have been around 2,000 new sites every month. Like it or not, the online pornography industry has a knack for getting people to part with their money. Most mainstream Web sites do not. (Sun1) Another problem Americans face is the laziness of sitting down at a computer all day and not getting any physical activity. "...

Molières Death and the Color Green

Molià ¨re's Death and the Color Green Whether or not you are an actor, you probably know that it is considered bad luck to say Good luck to a performer. Instead, you should say, Break a leg! And if you have brushed up on your Shakespeare, then you already know that it could be disastrous to say Macbeth out loud while in a theater. To avoid being cursed, you should instead refer to it as the Scottish play. Unlucky to Wear the Color Green? However, many do not realize that it is unlucky for actors to wear the color green. Why? It is all because of the life and death of Frances greatest playwright, Molià ¨re. Molià ¨re His real name was Jean-Baptiste Poquelin, but he was most famous for his stage name, Molià ¨re. He attained success as an actor in his early twenties and soon found that he had a talent for writing stage plays. Although he preferred tragedies, he became renowned for his hilarious satires. Tartuffe was one of his more scandalous plays. This vicious farce mocked the church and caused an uproar among Frances religious community. Controversial Plays   Another controversial play, Don Juan or The Feast with a Statue, mocked society and religion so severely that it was not performed uncensored until 1884, over two hundred years after its creation. But in some ways, Molià ¨res demise is even more intense than his plays. He had been suffering from tuberculosis for several years. However, he did not want the illness to prevent his artistic pursuits. His final play was The Imaginary Invalid. Ironically, Molià ¨re played the central character - the hypochondriac. Royal Performance   During a royal performance before King Louis the 14th, Molià ¨re began to cough and gasp. The performance was stalled momentarily, but Molià ¨re insisted that he continue. He bravely made it through the rest of the play, despite collapsing once more and suffering a hemorrhage. Hours later, after returning home, Molià ¨res life slipped away. Perhaps due to his reputation, two clergymen refused to administer his last rites. So, when he died, a rumor spread that Molià ¨res soul did not make it into the Pearly Gates. Molià ¨res costume - the clothing that he died in - was green. And since that time, actors have maintained the superstition that it is highly unlucky to wear green while on-stage.

Critically discuss to what extent and how a Strategic HRM approach can Essay

Critically discuss to what extent and how a Strategic HRM approach can help to create value and competitive advantage in an organisation - Essay Example Doing it strategically and making it a part of strategy helps the company to do well in the long run. In this write up, the aim is to uncover the importance of doing human resource management as attached to strategy and the results of doing so, whether it helps in gaining competitive advantage or not, whether it increases the worth and value of the company or not. Every companys aim is to maximize its profits. But an intelligent and well managed company is one which takes care of its employees so that they can be motivated well enough to handle the customers in a brilliant way, ensuring loyal customers and better sales generation. Employees are that part of the company which should be considered the most vital as they are those which run the company on a daily basis. Whether the employee belongs to the top level management, middle level management, is a first line manager, is a non-manager or simply is a worker at the factory should not matter. What should matter is that they are all important and the company runs with the help of these employees. Therefore, importance should be given to all levels of employees irrespective of what part of hierarchy they belong to. (Armstrong, 2006) Moreover, if seen from another perspective, it can be said that if the employees are happy, they will take good care of the customers and if the customers are hap py, they will come back to the company for repeat purchases and thus the worth of the company will rise, ultimately making the shareholders happy. So it all boils down to if the employees are happy or not. Moreover, the new concept nowadays for doing effective human resource management, this helps in the long run, is that of leading a diversified workforce in this ever changing environment. Intercultural diversity and being an equal opportunity employer is the thing of today’s age and the company which does not support it always loses out on the competition because diversity brings this unique quality within a

Management Research Project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Management Research Project - Assignment Example Garman (2010). In their research, they elaborate resistance to organisational change and its impact. Similarly, Lloyd C. Harris, Andrew Crand (2002), Sjoerd Beugelsdijk, Arjen, Slangen, Marco van Herpen (2002), and Bernard Burnes (1996) have all conducted research on organisational change, motivation, and information communication technology. (b) Change and its impact on employees’ motivation are unavoidable. Recently, many factors have influenced the organisational environment and culture. Consequently, this impact has positively and negatively affected the employees’ motivation. However, for organisations, it is highly essential to provide congenial environment to employees as this will enable them to retain their level of motivation which will convince and direct them to achieve their job related goals and objectives. However, motivation is defined as a force enabling someone to work in a specified direction for obtaining a certain organisational objectives (Mills et al., 2007). In the same context, both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation has been separated as both have different types of impacts and benefits offered by organisations. For example, intrinsic motivation is doing something for one’s own sake (Jacobs, 1993). On the other hand, extrinsic motivation is externally provided incentive in w hich an employee is offered an incentive or reward for completing certain targets. The field of information communication technology (ICT) experiences more effects of changes than any other fields and it faces both positive and negative impacts of change for a number of reasons. For example, every day new advancements, softwares, methods, and techniques are being invented and the frequency of these changes is so fast that new version is hardly implemented and the latest version is developed. In this regard, Iyanda and Ojo (2008) carried out study over the impact of adopting new ICT on the motivation of employees in the Botswana organisations;

American History Women's Rights Reform Movements from 1877 to 2013 Research Paper

American History Women's Rights Reform Movements from 1877 to 2013 - Research Paper Example The paper therefore seeks to find a stand on whether Women Reform Movements have realized much of their goals over the years. This struggle in pursuit of rights has been turbulent over the years and still continues to date. In the United States, women rights movements have had a long history. As a result of their struggles, various legislative measures have been created over the years to safeguard the rights of women and prevent much of the discriminations seen in a society that is still skeptical about the ability of women. The core of the argument is therefore the determination of how the period spanning between 1877 to present could have seen tremendous positive steps towards the realization of equality with respect to men and women1. The suffrage movements were some of the most dominant women movements in history. For many years in the United States, women were not allowed to vote. In the early years of the women reform movements, the right to vote was therefore one of the centra l issues which the movements fought for. In 1878, Susan B. Anthony proposed and submitted a right-to-vote amendment to the constitution in order to grant women the right to vote in America. The era of women suffrage took much activity in the 1890s and Wyoming was the first state to have an organized women suffrage. The movement was mostly driven by the formation of the National American Women’s Suffrage association in 1890. ... The Anthony amendment which had been written earlier in 1878 was subsequently ratified as the 19th amendment and thereby became law in 19202. It must be emphasized that differences in leadership and other misunderstandings amongst the women led to the formation of several groups. The period following 1920 saw the creation of many splitter women political groups most of which fought for the same rights. The League of Women Voters was created in 1920 and became a very strong voice in championing for the rights of women. In order to address the rights of black women who experienced the worst discrimination than their white counterparts, the National Council of Negro Women was formed in 1935. These groups strongly fought for various forms of liberal reforms in the country. However, it should be remembered that many of the rights they fought for were not always granted easily. For instance, the National Women’s Party which was formed in 1913 proposed an equal rights amendment in 19 23 which actually stayed dormant for the next 50 years3. In the early years of the women rights movement, most of the women activists were concentrated in the North. This was due to the much awareness, industry and education in the North. It was not until 1890s that women began to organize in the south after much inspiration and influence from what was transpiring in the north. In pushing for the right to vote, the National Women Suffrage Association (NWSA) and the American Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA) were working together but later separated on ideological grounds. While NWSA sought to transform the status of women on the basis of ideological foundations in the hitherto patriarchal society, AWSA was more conservative and

OLAP Multidimensional Database Concept

OLAP Multidimensional Database Concept CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 INTRODUCTION This chapter is designed to provide background information and reviewing the characteristics of data warehouse, OLAP multidimensional database Concept, data mining model and the application of data mining. Within this research, the concept, design and implementation approaches in developing a complete data warehouse technology framework for deploying a successful model with the integration of OLAP Multidimensional Database and data mining model. Section 2.2 discussed about the fundamental of data warehouse, data warehouse model and also the Extract, Transform and Loading (ETL) of raw database to data warehouse. It includes research and study on existing data warehouse models authored by William Inmon, Ralph Kimball and various scholars venturing into data warehouse models. Section 2.3 introduces background information of OLAP. It includes the studies and research on various OLAP models, OLAP architecture and concept on processing multidimensional databases, multidimensional database schemas design and implementation in this research. It includes studies and research on schema design and implementation. Section 2.4 introduces fundamental information of data mining. It includes studies and research on the available techniques, method and process for OLAP Data Mining. Section 2.5 discussed the product comparisons for data warehouse, data mining and OLAP by Mitch Kramer. It includes the reason why Microsoft is used to design and implement the new proposed model. In this literature review, introduction to the relationships between data warehouse, OLAP multidimensional database and data mining model for deploying four experimental applications for benchmarking. This research also proves that the â€Å"new proposed model† data warehouse technology framework is ready to transform any type of raw data into useful information. It will also help us to review the new proposed model of each existing data warehouse OLAP Multidimensional database framework. 2.2 DATA WAREHOUSE According to William Inmon (1999), known as the â€Å"Father of Data Warehousing†, data warehouse is a subject-oriented, integrated, time-variant, and non-volatile collection of data in support of the managements decision-making process. Data warehouse is a database containing data that usually represents the business history of an organization. This historical data is used for analysis that supports business decisions at many levels, from strategic planning to performance evaluation of a discrete organizational unit. Data Warehouse is a type of database system aimed at effective integration of operational databases into an environment that enables strategic use of data (G. Zhou et al., 1995). These technologies include relational and multidimensional database management systems, client/server architecture, meta-data modelling and repositories, graphical user interface and much more (J. Hammer et al., 1995; V. Harinarayan et al., 1996). Data warehouse currently are much a subject of researched is not only commonly used in business or finance sector but can be applied appropriately in various sectors. Data warehouse are designed for analyzing or processing of data into useful information using data mining tools for critical decision-making. Data warehouse provides access to difficult environments of an enterprise data In these literature studies, two important authors are identified as the main contributors and co-founder in the area of Data Warehouse, William Inmon (1999; 2005) and Ralph Kimball (1996, 2000). Both author perceptions on data warehouse design and architecture differ from one another. According to Inmon (1996), data warehouse is a dependent data mart structure, whereas Kimball (1999) defined data warehouse as a bus structure which is a combination of data mart populated together as a data warehouse. Table 2.1 discussed the differences in data warehouse ideology between William Inmon and Ralph Kimball. Table 2.1 William Inmon and Ralph Kimball Data Warehouse Differences William Inmon Ralph Kimball Paradigm Inmons Paradigm: An enterprise has one data warehouse, and data marts source their information from the data warehouse. Information is stored in 3rd normal form. Kimballs Paradigm: Data warehouse is the collection of heterogeneous data marts within the enterprise. Information is always stored in the dimensional model. Architecture Architecture: Using TOP-DOWN approach Architecture: Using Bottom-up approach Concept Datas integration from various systems to centralized repository Concept of dimensional modelling (Bridging between Relational and multidimensional DB) Design The design pattern dependent on 3rd normalization form, purpose is for data granularity. Datas marts are connected in a bus structure. Datas marts are the union of data warehouse. This approach is known also as Virtual Data Warehouse. ETL Methods Datas extraction from operational data sources. Data are feed in staging database area. Data are then transformed, integrate, and consolidate and transfer to Operational Data Store database. Data are then load to data mart. Data extracted from legacy system and then consolidated and verified in staging database. Data feed into ODS and more data us added/updated. Operational Data Store contains fresh copy data that is integrated and transformed to the data mart structure. Data mart Data Marts are available as a subset of the data warehouse. Data Marts can be placed at different at different servers or in geographical locations. Based on this Data Warehouse literature, both Inmon (2005) and Kimball (2000) have different philosophies, but they do have similar agreement on a successful design and implementation of data warehouse and data marts are mainly depending on the effective collection of operational data and validation of data mart. Both approaches having the same database staging concepts and ETL process of data from a database source. They also have a common understanding that independent data marts or data warehouses cannot fulfil the requirements of end users on an enterprise level for precise, timed and relevant data. 2.2.1 DATA WAREHOUSE ARCHITECTURE Data warehouse architecture is a wide research area. It has many different sub-areas and it can be treated with different approaches in terms or analysis, design and implementation by different enterprise. In this research studies, the aim is to provide a complete view on data warehouse architecture. Two important scholars Thilini (2005) and Eckerson (2003) from TDWI will discussed in more details on the topic on data warehouse architecture. According to Eckerson (2003), before implementing a successful business intelligence systems where users can use programs like specialized reporting tools, OLAP tools and data mining tools upfront, a data warehouse architecture model mainly concentrate on the database staging process from different integrated OLTP systems is responsible for the ETL to the whole process workable. Thilini (2005) conducted a two phase study survey on investigating which factors may influence the selection of data warehouse architecture. In Thilini literature study, there are five data warehouse architectures that are practice today as shown in Table 2.2. Table 2.2 Data Warehouse Architectures (Adapted from Thilini, 2005) Data Warehouse Architecture Independent Data Marts Independent data marts also known as localized and small sized data warehouses. It is mainly used by departments, divisions or regions of company to provide own operational databases. The data marts are different as the structures are different from different location with inconsistent database design which makes it difficult to analyze across the data marts. Thilini (2005) cited the work of Winsberg (1996) and Hoss (2002) that It is common for organizational units to develop their own data marts. Data marts are best used as a prototype for adhoc data warehouse and as for evaluation before building a real data warehouse. Data Mart Bus Architecture Kimball (1996) pioneered the designed and architecture of data warehouse with unions of data marts which are known as the bus architecture. Bus architecture Data Warehouse is derived from the unions of the data marts which are also known as Virtual Data Warehouse. Bus architecture allows data marts not only located in one server but it can be also being located on different server. This allows the data warehouse to functions more as virtual reality mode and gathered all data marts and process as one data warehouse. Hub-and-spoke architecture Inmon (2005) developed Hub and Spoke architecture. The hub is the central server taking care of information exchange and the spoke handle data transformation for all regional operation data stores. Hub and Spoke mainly focused on building a scalable and maintainable infrastructure for data warehouse. Centralized Data Warehouse Architecture Central data warehouse architecture almost similar to hub-and-spoke architecture without the dependent data marts. This architecture copies and stores heterogeneous operational and external data to a single and consistent data warehouse. This architecture has only one data model which are consistent and complete from all data sources. According to Inmon (1999) and Kimball (2000), central data warehouse should have Database staging or known as Operational Data Store as an intermediate stage for operational processing of data integration before transform into the data warehouse. Federated Architecture According to Hackney (2000), Federated Data Warehouse is a integration of multiple heterogeneous data marts, database staging or Operational data store, combination of analytical application and reporting systems. The concept of federated focus on framework of integration to make data warehouse as greatest as possible. Jindal (2004) conclude that federated data warehouse approach are a practical approach for a data warehouse architecture as it is focus on higher reliability and provide excellent value if it is well defined, documented and integrated business rules. Thilini (2005) conclude that hub and spoke and centralized data warehouse architectures are similar and the survey scores are almost the same. Hub and spoke is faster and easier to implement because no data mart are required. For centralized data warehouse architecture scored higher than hub and spoke as for urgency needs for relatively fast implementation approach. A data warehouse is a read-only data source where end-users are not allow to change the values or data elements. Inmons (1999) data warehouse architecture strategy are different from Kimballs (1996). Inmons data warehouse model splits data marts as a copy and distributed as an interface between data warehouse and end users. Kimballs views data warehouse as a unions of data marts. The data warehouse is the collections of data marts combine into one central repository. Diagram 2.1 illustrates the differences between Inmons and Kimballs data warehouse architecture adapted from Mailvaganam, H. (2007) Diagram 2.1 Inmons and Kimballs Data Warehouse Architecture (adapted from Mailvaganam, 2007) In this work, it is very important to identify which data warehouse architecture that is robust and scalable in terms of building and deploying enterprise wide systems. According to Laney (2000) and Watson, H. (2005), it is important to understand and select the appropriate data warehouse architecture and â€Å"the success of the various architectures† acclaimed by Watson. Analysis of this research proved that the most popular data warehouse architecture is hub-and-spoke proposed by Inmon as it is a centralized data warehouse with dependant data marts and second is the data mart bus architecture with dimensional data marts proposed by Kimball. The selection of the new proposed model will use the combination data warehouse architecture of hub-and-spoke and data mart bus architecture as the new proposed model data warehouse architecture are designed with centralized data warehouse and with data marts that can are used for multidimensional database modelling. 2.2.2 DATA WAREHOUSE EXTRACT, TRANSFORM, LOADING Data warehouse architecture begins with extract, transform, loading (ETL) process to ensure the data passes the quality threshold. According to Evin (2001), it is essential that right data are important and critical for the success on an enterprise. ETL are an important tool in data warehouse environment to ensure data in the data warehouse are cleansed from various systems and locations. ETLs are also responsible for running scheduled tasks that extract data from OLTPs. Typically, a data warehouse is populated with historical information from within a particular organization (Bunger, C. J et al., 2001). The complete process descriptions of ETL are discussed in table 2.3. Table 2.3 Extract, Transform, and Load Process in Data Warehouse architecture Process Descriptions Extract Extract are the first process which involve in moving data from operational databases into database staging area or operational data store before populating into the data warehouse. In this stage, operational databases data need to be examined by extracting into the staging area for handling exceptions and fix all errors before it enters into data warehouse as this will save lots of time when loading into the data warehouse. Transform In completion of data extraction in database staging area, it is then transform to ensure data integrity within the data warehouse. Transformation of data can be done in several methods such as filed mapping and algorithm comparisons. Load After extract and transform of data, it is finally loaded into data warehouse (in Inmons model) or into data marts (in Kimballs model). Data loaded into data warehouse are quality data after the process of extraction where erroneous data are removed and data are transform to ensure integrity of the data. Calvanese, D. et al. (2001) highlight an enterprise data warehouse database tables may be populated with a wide variety of data sources from different locations and often including data providing information concerning a competitor business. Collecting all the different data and storing it in one central location is an extremely challenging task where ETL can make it possible. ETL process as depicts in Diagram 2.2 begins with data extract from operational databases where data cleansing and scrubbing are done, to ensure all datas are validated. Then it is transformed to meet the data warehouse standards before it is loaded into data warehouse. Diagram 2.2Extract, Transport, Load Process G. Zhou et al.(1995) emphasise on data integration in data warehousing stress that ETL can assist in import and export of operational data between heterogeneous data sources using OLE-DB (Object linking and embedding database) based architecture where the data are transform to populate all quality data into data warehouse. This is important to ensure that there are no restrictions on the size of the data warehouse with this approach. In Kimball (2000) data warehouse architecture model depict in Diagram 2.3, the model focus in two important modules, â€Å"the back room† â€Å"presentation server† and â€Å"the front room†. In the back room process, where the data staging services in charge of gathering all source systems operational databases to perform extraction of data from source systems from different file format from different systems and platforms. Second step is to run the transformation process to ensure all inconsistency are removed to ensure data integrity. Finally, it is loaded into data marts. The ETL processes are commonly executed from a job control via scheduling task. The presentation server is the data warehouse where data marts are stored and process here. Data stored in star schema consist of dimension and fact tables. This is where data are then process of in the front room where it is access by query services such as reporting tools, desktop tools, OLAP and data mining to ols. Diagram 2.3 Data Warehouse Architecture (adapted from Kimball, 2000) Nicola, M (2000) explains the process of retrieving data from the warehouse can vary greatly depending on the desired results. There are many form of possible retrieval from a data warehouses and it is flexibility that will drive how this retrieving process can be implemented. There are many tools for retrieving the data warehouse, such as building simple query and reporting through SQL statements. The tools may expand to OLAP and data mining, where the structure includes many more third party tools. There are many inherent problems associated with data, which includes the limited amount of portability, and the often-vast amount of data that must be sifted through for each query. Essentially, ETL are mandatory for data warehouse to ensure data integrity. There are many factors to be considered such as complexity and scalability are among the two major issues that most enterprise faces by integrating information from different sources in order to have a clean and reliable source of data for mission critical business decisions. One way to achieve a scalable, non-complex solution is to adopt a â€Å"hub-and-spoke† architecture for the ETL process. According to Evin (2001), ETL best operates in hub-and-spoke architecture because of its flexibility and efficiency. Because of its centralized data warehouse design, it can influence the maintaining full access control of ETL processes. Also, empowers the usage of analytical and data mining tools by knowledge workers. In this study on ETL for effective data warehouse architecture, it is known that Hub-and-spoke is best for data integration as it has the similarity in Inmon and Kimball architecture. The hub is the data warehouse after processing data from operational database to staging database and the spoke(s) are the data marts for distributing data. Inmon and Kimball also recommend same ETL processes to enable hub-and-spoke architecture. Sherman, R (2005) state that hub-and-spoke approach uses one-to-many interfaces from Data warehouse to many data marts. One-to-many are simpler to implement, cost effective in a long run and ensure consistent dimensions. Compared to many-to-many approach it is more complicated and costly. In this work on the new proposed model, hub-and-spoke architecture are use as â€Å"Central repository service†, as many scholars including Inmon, Kimball, Evin, Sherman and Nicola adopt to this data warehouse architecture. This approach allows locating the hub (data warehouse) and spokes (data marts) centrally and can be distributed across local or wide area network depending on business requirement. In designing the new proposed model, the hub-and-spoke architecture clearly identifies six important data warehouse components that a data warehouse should have, which includes ETL, Staging Database or operational database store, Data marts, multidimensional database, OLAP and data mining end users applications such as Data query, reporting, analysis, statistical tools. However, this process may differ from organization to organization. Depending on the ETL setup, some data warehouse may overwrite old data with new data and in some data warehouse may only maintain history and aud it trial of all changes of the data. Diagram 2.4 depicts the concept of the new proposed model data warehouse architecture. Diagram 2.4 New Proposed Model Data Warehouse Architecture 2.2.3 DATA WAREHOUSE FAILURE AND SUCCESS FACTORS Building a data warehouse is indeed challenging as data warehouse project inheriting a unique characteristic that may impact the overall setup if the analysis, design and implementation phase are not properly done. In this research effort, it discusses the studies on failure and success factors in data warehouse project. Section 2.2.3.1 focuses on the investigation on data warehouse project failure and section 2.2.3.2 discuss and investigate mainly on the success factors by implementing the correct model to support a successful data warehouse project implementation. 2.2.3.1 DATA WAREHOUSE FAILURE FACTORS Hayen, R.L. (2007) studies shows that implementing a data warehouse project is costly and risky as a data warehouse project can cost over $1 million in the first year. It is estimated that one-half ad two-thirds of the effort of setting up the data warehouse projects attempt will fail eventually. Hayen R.L. (2007) citied on the work of Briggs (2002) and noticed three factors for the failure of data warehouse project that is Environment, Project and Technical factors as shown in Diagram 2.5 and table 2.4 discussed the factors in more details. Diagram 2.5 Factors for Data Warehouse Failures (adapted from Briggs, 2002) Table 2.4 Factors for Data Warehouse Failures (adapted from Briggs, 2002) Factors Descriptions Environment This leads to organization changes in business, politics, mergers, takeovers and lack of top management support. Also, including human error, corporate culture, decision making and change management. Technical Technical factors of a data warehouse project complexity and workload are taken too lightly where high expenses involving in hardware/software and people. Problems occurred when assigning a Project manager with lack of knowledge and project experience in data warehouse costing may lead to impediment of quantifying the return on investment (ROI). Also, failure of managing a data warehouse projects also includes:  · Challenge in setting up a competent operational and development team plus not having a data warehouse manager or expert that is politically sound.  · Having an extended timeframe for development and delivery of data warehouse system may due to lack of experience and knowledge for selection of data warehouse products and end-user tools. * Failure to manage the scope of data warehouse project. Project Poor knowledge on the requirements of data definitions and data quality on different organization business departments. Also, Running a data warehouse projects with incompetent and insufficient knowledge in what technology to use may lead into problems later on data integration, data warehouse model and data warehouse applications. Vassiliadis (2004) studies shows that data warehouse project failures are an enormous threat and threatened by factors such as design, technical, procedural and socio-technical as illustrated in Diagram 2.6. These factors of failures are vital in finding any unwanted action for success. Each factor group is described in table 2.5. Diagram 2.6 Factors for Data Warehouse Failures (adapted from Vassiliadis, 2007) Table 2.5 Factors for Data Warehouse Failures (adapted from Vassiliadis, 2007) Factors Descriptions Design Design factors in data warehouse project can put up with No Standard techniques or design methodologies. A data warehouse project when doing the analysis and design phase may accept ideas on metadata techniques or languages and data engineering techniques. Also, a proprietary solutions and also recommendations from vendors or in-house experts may define the design of the data warehouse blueprint landscape. Technical Technical factors associate to the lack of know-how experience in evaluation and choices of hardware setup for data warehouse systems Procedural Procedural factors concerning on the imperfection of data warehouse deployment. This factor focuses on training the end-users extensively on the new technology and the design of data warehouse which are completely different than the conventional IT solutions. users communities plays a vital role and are crucial in this factor. Socio-Technical Socio-technical factors in a data warehouse project may lead into problems on violation of organization modus operandi where the data warehouse systems will lead into restructuring or reorganization on the way organization operates by introducing changes to the user community. According to Vassiliadis (2007) also, another potential factors for the failure of data warehouse projects are the â€Å"data ownership and access†. This is considered vulnerable within the organization and one mustnt share nor acquire someone else data as this is comparable with losing authority on the data ownership and access. Also, restrict any departmental declaration or request to own a total ownership of pure clean and error free data as this might cause potential problem on ownership data rights. Watson (2004) stress that the general factors for the failures in data warehouse project success comprises of â€Å"weak sponsorship† and top management support, inadequate funding and users participation and organizational politic. 2.2.3.2 DATA WAREHOUSE SUCCESS FACTORS Data Warehouse Failures can lead into disastrous implementation if careful factors or measures are not taken into serious considerations as discussed in section 2.2.3.1 based on Briggs (2002) and Vassiliadis (2004) studies that may lead into data warehouse failures. According to Hwang M.I. (2007), data warehouse implementations are an important area of research and industrial practices but only few researches made an assessment in the critical success factors for data warehouse implementations. No doubt there is procedure for data warehouse design and implementation but only certain guidelines are subjected for experimental testing. So, it is best to decide and choose the proper data warehouse model for implementation success. In this study on identifying and filling the gap analysis of the data warehouse success factors, a number of success factors are gathered from data warehouse scholars and professionals (Watson Haley, 1997; Chen et al., 2000; Wixom Watson, 2001; Watson et al., 2001; Hwang Cappel, 2002; Shin, 2003) to validate their experimental work and research strength individually on various characteristics of data warehouse success. This study beneficial in planning and implementing data warehouse projects and direct into the success of designing and implementing the new proposed model in this research. There are several success factors in designing and implementing data warehouse solutions and the most important success factors depend on the data warehouse model selection, as different organization may have different scope and road maps in the development of data warehouse. The results of building a successful data warehouse are then used to quantify the factors that are used and also prioritize those factors that are beneficial for continued research purpose to improve and enhanced the data warehouse model success. According to Hayen, R.L. (2007), data warehouse is a complex system which can complicate business procedures. The complexity of data warehouse prevents companies from changing data or transaction which are necessary. It is important then to analyze on which data warehouse model to be used for such complex systems that are sound critical to an organization. Hwang M.I. (2007) conducted a study on data warehousing model and success factors as a critical area of practice and research but only a few studies have been accomplish to measure the data warehouse projects and success factors. Many scholars had conducted a profound research in the area of data warehouse and may have succeeded or failed due to possible reasons based on each scholars outcomes on the research. It is useful inspect a few case studies on a selected companied data warehouse implementation and to experiment the failure and success factors through survey. (Winter, 2001; Watson et al., 2004) Hwang M. I. (2007) conducted a survey study on six data warehouse scholars (Watson Haley, 1997; Chen et al., 2000; Wixom Watson, 2001; Watson et al., 2001; Hwang Cappel, 2002; Shin, 2003) on the success factors in a data warehouse project. Each scholar has different success factors that are measures in a project. Table 2.6 shows the mentioned six scholars survey study on data warehouse, Watson (1997) measures data warehouse success factors, Chen et al. (2000), Watson et al. (2001) and Shin (2003) measures data warehouse implementation factors and Hwang (2002) measures through development and management practices. Only Wixom (2001) as shown in diagram 2.7 measures both Data warehouse implementation and success factors which can be used as a model for a successful data warehouse implementation. Study shown in all 6 scholars review, without having data warehouse implementation and success factors, the consequences of any factors on a data warehouse success cannot be validated. Table 2.6 Factors for Data Warehouse Success (adapted from Hwang M.I., 2007) Study Data Warehouse Success Factors Data Warehouse Implementation Factors Results Reported Watson Haley (1997) Focus on user involvement and support by having a clear and understandable business needs. Using methodology and modelling methods in data warehouse by targeting on clean data. Thus, support from upper management to contribute on the success. N/A Ordered list of success Chen et al. (2000) N/A Focused on exactness and preciseness of User satisfaction by Support and realization of end users needs. Support for end users affects user satisfaction Wixom Watson (2001) Implementation factors include management support, resources, User participation, team skills, Source systems aand development technology which contribute to the implementatio